What You Need to Know About Human papillomavirus infection
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to various health issues, including genital warts and certain types of cancer. There are over 100 types of HPV, and while most infections are cleared by the immune system without causing symptoms, some can persist and lead to more serious problems.
HPV is spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area. Most sexually active people will be infected with HPV at some point in their lives, usually without symptoms.
Certain high-risk HPV types are linked to cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and throat. Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by HPV. Regular screening for cervical cancer, such as Pap tests, can help detect precancerous cell changes before they become cancer.
The HPV vaccine is an effective way to prevent HPV-related cancers and genital warts. It is recommended for girls and boys ages 11-12, but can be given as early as age 9. The vaccine is most effective when given before any sexual contact.
If you have been diagnosed with HPV, it’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s advice for treatment and management. In many cases, HPV infections clear up on their own without treatment. However, if you have persistent high-risk HPV infections or precancerous cell changes, your provider may recommend treatment to prevent cancer from developing.
